The life-long supply of blood cells depends on the long-term function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).HSCs are functionally defined by their multi-potency and self-renewal capacity.Because of their self-renewal capacity, HSCs were thought to have indefinite lifespans.However, there is increasing evidence that genetically identical HSCs differ in
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) constitute a superfamily of NAD(P)+-dependent enzymes that catalyze the irreversible oxidation of a wide range of reactive aldehydes to their corresponding nontoxic carboxylic acids.ALDHs have been studied in many organisms from bacteria to mammals; however, no systematic analyses incorporating genome organization, g
Whether a private bidder can win a concession depends largely on advanced financial engineering techniques, numerous methods were developed.Meeting large infrastructure needs including its proper maintenance and operation is and will remain a major challenge for the all-around the in the coming years requiring targeted innovative financing mechanis
Some relict populations of the native crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes have been located in rivers in Bizkaia, (Basque Country, Spain), and its population numbers and dynamics, and habitat conditions have been studied for three years.The first descriptive results are given in this paper.The native crayfish populations must be considered residual